![]() The once vast Byzantine Empire ended its days in the then-small Black Sea city of Trabzon, a space less than a thousandth of the Empire’s original size. Christianity took root and thrived in Anatolia, where it found a historically intense religious and spiritual lifestyle. The First Ecumenical Council of 325 and the Seventh Ecumenical Council of 787 held in Iznik (Nicaea). This is the land of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse and was the venue fort the first Seven Councils. Perhaps the most significant factor for this approval was the Third Ecumenical Council held at Ephesus in the year 431 which established Virgin Mary in Christian doctrine, as the “Mother of God”. Both sites have been places of Latin pilgrimage and devotion accepted by Papal authority. Virgin Mary and Apostle John are believed to have died in Ephesus. It is here that Christianity ceased to be considered a Jewish religion. Anatolia was also the first home of Christianity. Turkey is the land where the first Christian state, Byzantium, was founded - a state that lasted for one thousand years. In 1963, it is announced as a pilgrim place by Pope VI. Pierre tried to spread the Christianity after death of Jesus. The Church is at important religious center as being the place where one of the 12 saints of Jesus, St. Peter is the spot where he first preached the Gospel in Antioch. And it is in Antakya that the Disciples of Christ were called Christians for the first time. In Anatolia the population easily adopted the new religion preached by St Paul, St Barnabus, St Silas and St Timothy. Sephardic Jews have been living in this country for more than 500 years in peace as Jews of Islam. ![]() He was the Sultan Bayazid II of the Ottoman Empire. When Jews expelled from Spain by the Edict of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain at the end of 15th century, one ruler extended an immediate welcome to the persecuted Jews of Spain, the Sephardim. One wonders if the synagogue had been built on the site of a more ancient building or if the owners of the shops could have been distant descendents of the Jews in Obadiah. Byzantine shops similar to those in the earlier Lydian market backed up against the wall of the synagogue. In Anatolia the oldest Jewish synagogue, dated third century A.D. The history of the Jews in Anatolia started many centuries before the migration of Sephardic Jews. It is currently considered the oldest known shrine or temple complex in the world, and the planet's oldest known example of monumental architecture. The site, currently undergoing excavation, was erected by hunter-gatherers in the 10th millennium BC (ca 11,500 years ago), before the advent of sedentism. “Göbekli Tepe” is a hilltop sanctuary built on the highest point of an elongated mountain ridge about 15km northeast of the town of Şanlıurfa in southeast Turkey. As civilizations succeeded each other over a period of 10,000 years, they each left their religious legacy and, after the monotheistic domination of Anatolia, Islam, Christianity and Judaism co-existed in harmony. ![]() There are temples dedicated to ancient gods, churches of many denominations, synagogues and of course mosques. Many religious devotees can find a site, a shrine, a monument, a tomb or a ruin connected with their faith or belief.Īny visitor to Turkey will be struck by the plethora and variety of religious buildings and ancient shrines. jacket Sometimes used as another term for dust jacket, a protective and often decorative wrapper, usually made of paper which wraps.For centuries, Turkey has also been a crossroads of religions, not only of Islam and Christianity, but of many other now forgotten by history. ![]() chipping A defect in which small pieces are missing from the edges fraying or small pieces of paper missing the edge of a paperback, or. A book may have more than one first edition in. First Edition In book collecting, the first edition is the earliest published form of a book. tight Used to mean that the binding of a book has not been overly loosened by frequent use. Cloth "Cloth-bound" generally refers to a hardcover book with cloth covering the outside of the book covers. bookplate Highly sought after by some collectors, a book plate is an inscribed or decorative device that identifies the owner, or former. edges The collective of the top, fore and bottom edges of the text block of the book, being that part of the edges of the pages of a. The spine usually faces outward when a book is placed on a shelf. spine The outer portion of a book which covers the actual binding. Some terminology that may be used in this description includes: good+ A term used to denote a condition a slight grade better than Good.
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